Animated tangle structures - work in progress

The spinning electron tangle. Fabrice Neyret, with help from Jason Hise, produced an (almost correct) animation showing the spinning electron:
 

 
The green bar is only added for better visualization; it shows the orientation of the electron. The tangle rotation reproduces spin 1/2; the tangle reproduces fermion behaviour under particle exchange; the tangle details determine electric charge (every chiral crossing produces an electric charge e/3), parity and handedness (behaviour under mirror reflection), lepton number (results from the 3 strands), mass (not visible directly: determines average rotation speed), its electromagnetic coupling - the fine structure constant (through the shape statistics), and the behaviour in particle reactions (due to the topology of the rational tangle).

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Interactive tangle structures

In the following (almost correct) visualizations, you can play with click, click-and-drag, and double-click to rotate and scale the tangles. Left alone, each tangle will slowly rotate. All strands are assumed to continue until spatial `infinity'.

The following tangle is a representative tangle for an electron neutrino, together with a photograph of the same tangle. Note that the three strands de facto are perfectly straight (thus explaining the extremely low neutrino mass); also, they are perpendicular to each other. They are just slightly displaced, to avoid interpenetration.

The following tangle is a representative tangle for a muon neutrino, together with a photograph of the same tangle.

The following tangle is a representative tangle for a tau neutrino, together with a photograph of the same tangle.

The next tangle is the tangle for an electron. A photograph of the same tangle is also shown. In this case, the strands are not straight (they are so only asymptotically) but have a wiggle built-in.

The next tangle is the tangle for a muon. A photograph of the same tangle is also shown.

The final tangle is the tangle for a tau. A photograph of the same tangle is also shown.

 
 

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All these beautiful 3d visualizations were realized with Blender by Aleksandr, by Lucas and by Mitchell. The present html page uses model-viewer to display them.  
 

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